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BC
  • 3500
    		• Settlement of Canaanites, from the Arab Peninsula, in Palestine.
  • 2500
    		• Settlement of the sites of Jerusalem by the Canaanite Jebusites.
  • 2000
    		• Abraham immigrates to the land of Canaan from Ur (Iraq).
  • 1250
    		• Moses leads the migration of the Israelites out of Egypt. He dies before reaching the land of Canaan.
  • 1200
    		• Israelite tribes led by Joshua invade Canaan, establishing themselves near Jericho.
  • 1020
    		• Israelite tribes establish fragile union under their first king, Saul.
  • 1000-961
    		• David becomes the King of the united tribes of Israel, and establishes his capital in Jerusalem.
  • 961-922
    		• Solomon inherits the Kingdom from David. He builds the Temple of Solomon to house the Ark of the Covenant.
  • 922
    		• The Kingdom of David is torn apart by power struggles after the death of Solomon. The Kingdom of Israel is established in the north, with the smaller Kingdom of Judah to the south.
  • 740-722
    		• The Assyrian conquest. The Kingdom of Israel is destroyed, and the Kingdom of Judah is made into a vassal state, paying tribute to the Assyrians.
  • 587-538
    		• Babylonian rule. The revolt against Babylon results in the destruction of Judah in 586, including Jerusalem and the temple of Solomon. The Judeans are exiled to Babylon.
  • 538-332
    		• Persian rule. King of Persia, Cyrus II conquers the Babylonians and allows Jews to return to Judah.
  • 535-515
    		• Construction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem under Persian patronage.
  • 332
    		• The Persians are defeated by Alexander the Great, and Palestine comes under Greek control and influence.
  • 143-63
    		• The Maccabean revolt against Greek rule establishes Jewish hasmonean rule over a large area of Palestine.
  • 63
    		• The Romans general Pompey takes Jerusalem and extends Roman control over all of Palestine.
  • 37
    		• Herod is appointed King over Judea, by the Romans. He sponsors a great extension and renovation of the second Temple in an attempt to gain support from the Jews. Anarchy reigns after death in 4BC.

    CE
  • 27-30
    		• Ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. The pure teaching of Jesus threaten the established Jewish priesthood. Unable to accept his Message, they lobby for his execution by the Roman authorities.
  • 70
    		• Titus enters Jerusalem to quell a Jewish revolt and destroys the Second Temple.
  • 132-135
    		• the roman emperor Hadrian sends in troops to put down the bar kohaba revolt. 50 fortresses and 1,000 villages are destroyed. Jerusalem is completely razed and a new city, aelia capitolina, is built on its ruins. A temple dedicated to Jupitor is built on the ruins of the second temple, and Jews are banned from living in or entering the city.
  • 324-614
    		• Under the Christian emperor Constantine, Jerusalem becomes a centre for Christian pilgrimage. Holy sites associated with Jesus are discovered and churches and monasteries are built, including the church of the Holy Sepulchre. Palestine becomes part of the Byzantine Empire and restrictions placed on Jews results in the Samaritan revolt in 529CE.
  • 614-628
    		• The sassanian Persians under khosru II, conquer Palestine from the Byzantine, sack Jerusalem, massacre the Christians and destroy their holy places, including the holy sepulchre.
  • 609
    		• the first Quranic revelations are received by Prophet Muhammad on Mt. Hira near Makkah.
  • 621
    		• The Night journey and Ascension, Al-Israa and miraj. In one of the most celebrated events in Islam, the prophet Muhammad is taken from Makkah to Jerusalem, where he ascends through the heavens to the throne of God.
  • 628
    		• Heraclius defeats the Persians and regains control of Palestine for the Byzantine.
  • 636
    		• The battle of Yarmuk. Muslim forces defeat the Byzantine, paving the way for the conquest of Jerusalem.